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This OE Watch contains 25 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/m/oe-watch-past-issues/415497/download

Its Table of Contents is here:

CHINA
3 Chinese Observations on the Role and Impact of Social Media in Cognitive Warfare
4 China’s PLA Increasing Use of Simulators and Simulations
6 China’s PLA Explores “Battlefield Metaverse” Training Base To Simulate Future Warfare

RUSSIA
7 Russia’s BARS Reserve System Inducting Cossacks
9 A Russian Strategic Assessment of Russia’s 2022 Invasion of Ukraine
11 Russian Orthodox Church Blesses “Special Military Operation” in Ukraine
12 More Wonder Weapons on Russia’s Drawing Board
13 Kremlin Using Education Policy To Foster Approval of Its “Special Military Operation” in Ukraine
15 Russian Culture Ministry Proposes Possible Framework for New State Ideology
17 Sanctions Threaten Russia’s Arctic Energy Projects

IRAN
19 Iran Digs into Central Syria, Filling Vacuum Left by Russia
21 Iran Tries To Justify Abstention in UN Vote Condemning Russian Invasion of Ukraine
23 Iranian Navy Joins Indian Naval Exercises
24 Iran’s New Damavand Destroyer Set To Join Navy

TERRORISM AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
25 Colombian Navy Discovers Clandestine Narcosub Shipyard
26 Mexican Criminal Organizations Consolidate Their Positions in South America
27 Al Shabaab Takes Advantage of Somalia’s Disjointed Election Process To Ramp Up Attacks
28 Separatist Conflict Imminent in Northern Mali

GLOBAL OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
30 Sanctions Likely To Weaken Russian Arms Flow to Africa
31 Algeria Caught Between Neutrality and Strategic Relations with Russia
33 Turkey Central To Reducing Europe’s Dependence on Russian Natural Gas Russian Natural Gas
36 India Begins Development of a Light Tank
37 Philippines Pursues Helicopter Deals with Russia, Turkey, and Poland
39 Indonesia Upgrades Naval Submarine Fleet
40 Kyrgyzstan Conducts Exercise with Its New Bayraktars

For more information on this product, please contact:
Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@army.mil); Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS

This OE Watch contains 22 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/m/oe-watch-past-issues/417921/download

Its Table of Contents is here:

CHINA
3   China Expands Naval Expeditionary Capability With New Ship and Helicopter Variants
5   Two Retired Chinese Officials Offer Conflicting Perspectives on Russia’s Prospects in Ukraine
8   Chinese Military Scholars Call out Russia for Invading Ukraine

RUSSIA
10   Russia Shifting Wounded Servicemen to Recruitment Duties
12   Russia Tests R-441 Liven Satellite Communication System in Ukraine
14   Russian WWII Veteran Benefits Lag Behind Those in Central Asia
15   Russian Media Source Blames United States for Russian “Brain Drain”

IRAN
16   Khamenei Speaks on Necessity of Palestinian Resistance
17   Iran Initiates and Defends New Bread Subsidies Amid Deteriorating Economy
19   Iran Seeks To Counter Misinformation Circulating on Social Media

TERRORISM AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
20   A Complex Link Between Coups and Jihadism in West Africa
22   Boko Haram Train Attack Raises Frustration with Nigeria’s Counterterrorism Strategy
23   National Armed Strike in Colombia Demonstrates Strength of Gulf Clan
24   Mexican Cartels Buy Land on Colombia-Venezuela Border
25   Algeria Sees Threat from Morocco as Western Sahara Conflict Threatens To Reignite
27   Degrading Environmental Conditions in Iraq Providing Cover for Terrorism
29   The Philippines Gaining Upper Hand Against Abu Sayyaf

GLOBAL OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
31   Turkey Tightens Grip on Black Sea amid War in Ukraine
33   Turkish-Made Bayraktar TB2 Drones Play Important Role in Ukraine
35   Kazakhstan Cancels Soviet-Era Parade To Focus on Combat Readiness
37   India Cancels Plans To Purchase Russian Equipment
39   Argentina Gets Closer to China-Led Economic and Multilateral Institutions

For more information on this product, please contact:
Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@army.mil); Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS

This OE Watch contains 23 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/m/oe-watch-past-issues/419460/download

Its Table of Contents is here:

CHINA
3 China To Reform Military Postgraduate Education
5 PLA Combining Battlefield and Classroom Education To Develop Quality Officers
7 PLA Using Cognitive Domain Operations To Achieve Political Aims
9 Taiwan’s “All-Out Defense” in Context of Aggressive PLA Exercise

RUSSIA
11 Russia Tests Palantin Electronic Warfare System in Ukraine
12 Russia’s “Terminator” System in Ukraine To Inform Tactics
14 Russian Orthodox Church Strengthening Support for Ukraine Invasion
16 Russia Building Literal and Figurative Bridges to China
18 Russia Revising Marine Doctrine To Use Civilian Ships for Military Purposes

IRAN
19 Iran Unveils New Drone-Fired Cruise Missile
20 Iran Opens New Drone Plant in Tajikistan
21 Iran Warns UAE Against Allowing Israel in the Persian Gulf

TERRORISM AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
22 Murder of Paraguayan Prosecutor in Colombia Suggests Transnational Criminal Cooperation
23 Somalia: Behind Al-Shabaab’s Success in Recruiting Children
24 Al-Qaeda’s Sahel Affiliate Targets Togo
25 Indonesia Extends Counter-Drug Trafficking Cooperation to South America

GLOBAL OE
27 Turkish Military Operation in Syria Risks Clash with Iran
30 Central Asian Forces Boosting UAV Capabilities
32 Azerbaijan Balances Security Cooperation Between Turkey and Russia
34 Algeria Inches Closer to Russia Amid Frosty Relations with Morocco and Spain
36 UAV Technologies Proliferating in Yemen and Saudi Arabia
38 Regional Coalitions Supersede the AU’s African Standby Force
40 Venezuela’s Mystery Plane Shows Iran’s Strategic Penetration of Latin America

For more information on this product, please contact:
Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@army.mil); Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS

This OE Watch contains 23 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training, and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/m/oe-watch-past-issues/421643/download

Its Table of Contents is here:

CHINA
3 China’s Newest Aircraft Carrier Extends Capabilities With “Leapfrogged” Technology
5 China Advancing Cooperation With Pakistan’s Navy in the Indian Ocean
7 Profile of a Joint Staff Officer in the PLA’s Northern Theater Command
9 PLA Army Efforts Integrate New Technology and Equipment Into Units
11 China Arming Algeria To Fight Its “New Generation Wars”
13 How China Will “Win” the War in Ukraine

RUSSIA
15 Russia To Provide Belarus a Potential Nuclear Delivery Capability
17 Russia’s Newest Nuclear Submarine Joins Northern Fleet
18 Kremlin Easing Russian Citizenship for All Ukrainians
20 Russian Views on Finland and Sweden Joining NATO
22 Ukraine War Likely To Reduce Russian Security Commitments in Central Asia

IRAN
24 Iranian F-14 Crash Highlights Iran’s Need for New Fighter Contract
25 Iranian Trade With China Is Up, but So Is Political Risk
26 Iran’s Revolutionary Guards To Expand Drug Treatment Center
27 Iran Believes Turkey’s Rapprochement With Israel and Saudi Arabia Is a Threat

TERRORISM AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
29 Yemen’s Houthi Movement Continues To Recruit and Indoctrinate Child Combatants
30 Iván Márquez Survives Attack but FARC Dissidents Remain on the Run
31 Mexican Criminal Organizations Poised To Dominate South America’s Illicit Economies
32 Benin Park Rangers Take on Counterterrorism Tasks

GLOBAL OE
33 Vietnam Trains Cambodian Navy Amid Chinese Competition
35 India Strengthens Security Cooperation With Vietnam
37 DRC Conflicts Reveal Difficulties in Deploying Regional Forces
38 Russia and China Look To Corner Bolivia’s Lithium Industry

For more information on this product, please contact:
Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@army.mil); Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS

This OE Watch contains 20 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training, and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/m/oe-watch-past-issues/425244/download

Its Table of Contents is here:

CHINA
3 China Sharpens Tone Against U.S. Policy, Deepening Ties in Syria
5 China Using Japanese Higher Education To Build Military Capability
7 China Probably Expanding Its Nuclear Testing Capability
9 China Issues New White Paper With Special Emphasis on Taiwan
11 China Carries Out Ballistic Missile Defense Test Amid Related Developments

RUSSIA
12 Algerian Military Deepening Ties to Russia
13 Commercial UAVs Creating “Revolution in Artillery”
14 High-Profile Female Colonel From Russian Proxy Force Killed in Ukraine
16 Armenia Questions Russian Peacekeeping After Nagorno-Karabakh Incident
18 Russia Rebuilding Military Airfields in the Arctic

IRAN
19 Iran Reportedly Using New Carrier, Submarines To Expand Reach of Drones
20 Iran Unveils Stealth Speedboats
21 Iran’s Flawed Statistics and Growing Drug Addiction

TERRORISIM AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
23 Mexican Cartels Display Their Post-Pandemic Power With Orchestrated Violence
24 Colombia’s Leftist President Seeks To Resume Negotiations With National Liberation Army
26 Global Reactions Vary After Death of Al-Qaeda Leader Al-Zawahiri

GLOBAL OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
28 India Draws Lessons on Cyber and Electronic Effects From the War in Ukraine
30 Venezuela Plays Host to China, Russia, and Iran in International Military Games
31 African Stances on the Russia-Ukraine War Demonstrate Reliance on, Antipathy Toward West
33 Algerian Media Dismissive of Morocco-Israel Security Cooperation

For more information on this product, please contact:
Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@army.mil); Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS

This OE Watch contains 21 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/

Its Table of Contents is here:

CHINA
3 New Chinese Aerial Refueling Aircraft Enters Service
4 China Debuts New Space Capabilities
7 China Develops World’s First Small Modular Reactor
9 PLA Cognitive Domain Operations: Considering Preemption and Hard Kill
11 PLA Education Reforms: Problems Remain After More Than 20 Years
13 Chinese Tracking Ship Raises Controversy in Sri Lanka’s Hambantota Port
15 India Works To Maintain Sri Lankan Foothold Amid Growing China Presence

RUSSIA
17 Russia Builds New Armor Repair Facilities To Replenish Losses in Ukraine
18 Russia Claims Victory in Vostok 2022 Exercise
19 Russia Conducts Arctic Naval Maneuver and Propaganda Tour Along Northern Sea Route
21 Russian Navy Weaponizes Shipping Containers
22 Kazakhstan Suspends Defense Exports, Denying Russia Purchases

IRAN
23 Iran Wants Sukhoi-35 Fighters From Russia
24 Iran Intercepts Crystal Meth Shipment From Afghanistan

TERRORISM AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
25 Colombia’s Gustavo Petro Promises New Approach to Security and Drugs
27 Coastal West African States Brace for Wave of Terrorism From the Sahel
30 Mali Claims France Funded Terrorists; France Denies

GLOBAL OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
32 Colombia’s New Government Quickly Reestablishes Relations With Maduro’s Venezuela
34 Turkish Lessons Learned From the War in Ukraine
37 The Appeal of “Duginism” in the Middle East
39 “Chronic Instability” Atop Algerian Military’s Foreign Intelligence and Security

For more information on this product, please contact:
Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@army.mil); Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS

This OE Watch contains 23 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training, and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/

Its Table of Contents is here:

CHINA
3 Provincial Exercises Highlight China’s Whole-of-Government Preparations for Conflict
5 Xi Jinping Sets Milestones for Next Five Years of Chinese Military Modernization
8 Taiwan Testing Satellite Program To Overcome Communications Vulnerabilities
9 Taiwan Set To Cooperate with Turkey on Cost-Effective Drone Technology

RUSSIA
12 Russian Military Watcher Identifies Problems With the Russian VDV and Parachute Assaults
14 Russian Airborne Troops Get First Material-Technical Support Brigade
16 Lack of PTSD Treatment for Russian Soldiers
18 Russia Demands Mandatory History Lessons for College Students
20 Russia Conducts Submarine Sea Trials and Amphibious Landing Exercise in Arctic

IRAN
22 Iran Vaunts Persian Language as Marker of National Identity Despite Country’s Ethnic Diversity
24 Iran’s Proposal To Build Railroads and Housing in Syria Could Enrich IRGC
25 Iran Lauds Air Defense, Claims Sepehr Radar Will Soon Be Operational

TERRORISM AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
26 Large Hack of Latin America’s Defense Departments Puts Security Services on Edge
27 Burkina Faso: A Bellwether on Russian and French Presence
29 African Leaders and UN See Terrorism in the Sahel as Dire
30 Somali Government Bans Media Reporting on Al-Shabaab GLOBAL OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
32 Ecuador Seeks New Relationship With China After Debt Deal
33 Erdoğan Relying on Russia To Bolster Support Ahead of Turkish Elections
35 Armenia Acquires Indian Multiple Rocket Launcher System Amid Delays in Russian Deliveries
37 Members of Collective Security Treaty Organization Show Less Support for Russia-Led Body
39 Saudi Arabia Continues Buying Missiles and UAVs From China as Part of Broader Foreign Policy Rebalancing
41 Morocco and Algeria Strengthen UAV Capabilities With Imports From China, Turkey, and Israel
44 India Responds to Chinese and Pakistani Naval Activities in Sri Lanka

For more information on this product, please contact:
Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@army.mil); Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS