What instruments does Russia use to attempt to gain military influence in Iran? This report uses FMSO’s M-DIME Research Project framework to assess the extent to which Russia has leveraged twelve tools of national power between 2013 and 2023 to gain military influence in Iran. In doing so, it assesses Russia’s current overall military influence in Iran, as well as its projected military influence. It also delineates which tools of national power Russia has most prominently used. Its key assessments follow: